What Is NAD+?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular communication. Often referred to as a “metabolic regulator,” NAD+ functions as a key electron transporter in redox reactions that convert food into energy.
Without adequate NAD+, cells would struggle to perform even basic functions. As a coenzyme, NAD+ assists enzymes in facilitating important metabolic reactions — especially those tied to the production of ATP, the molecule that powers nearly every function in the body.
Why NAD+ Is a Focus in Anti-Aging Research
As organisms age, NAD+ levels decline significantly. This drop is believed to contribute to age-related physiological decline, such as reduced mitochondrial function, slower cellular repair, and increased oxidative stress. Scientists have linked NAD+ depletion to cellular senescence and inflammation in laboratory models, fueling interest in NAD+ precursors and supplementation for longevity research.
Studies have explored the effects of boosting NAD+ through precursors like NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) or NR (Nicotinamide Riboside). These molecules are believed to enhance NAD+ availability, potentially supporting mitochondrial efficiency and healthy aging processes in experimental models.
Research Applications of NAD+
In the lab, NAD+ is studied for its potential role in:
Supporting healthy mitochondrial function
Enhancing DNA repair mechanisms
Modulating circadian rhythm
Investigating metabolic efficiency
Combating oxidative stress
Some studies also explore NAD+ in combination with sirtuins, a class of proteins involved in regulating cellular health and lifespan in various species.
Future Areas of Study
Emerging areas of NAD+ research include its interaction with inflammation pathways, neurological health, and even its role in immune cell function. As this molecule continues to be investigated, it remains at the forefront of cutting-edge research into aging and cellular optimization.
Disclaimer: NAD+ is sold for laboratory research use only.
Glutathione – The Master Antioxidant in Research
What Is Glutathione?
Glutathione is a naturally occurring tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. It is found in every cell of the body and is often referred to as the “master antioxidant” because of its central role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and maintaining redox balance.
Glutathione exists in two forms: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG). The reduced form (GSH) is the active antioxidant that neutralizes harmful free radicals. When GSH neutralizes a free radical, it becomes GSSG, which can then be recycled back into GSH by specific enzymes.
Why It’s Important in Cellular Defense
Glutathione is essential in defending against oxidative stress, which is a primary contributor to cellular aging and dysfunction. It also plays a key role in:
Detoxification: Glutathione binds to toxins and heavy metals, making them more water-soluble for elimination.
Immune Support: Research indicates glutathione may influence the function of lymphocytes and other immune cells.
Skin Health Studies: Some laboratory research explores the relationship between glutathione and melanin production, offering insights into pigmentation regulation.
Research Applications of Glutathione
Glutathione continues to be studied in a variety of research contexts:
Antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis
Hepatic (liver) support and detoxification processes
Skin brightening and pigmentation regulation in lab models
Immunological response in experimental settings
Neuroprotection and brain oxidative stress studies
Researchers are also interested in how glutathione levels may affect other biological systems, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems under oxidative strain.
Forms of Glutathione Used in Research
Due to its delicate structure, glutathione is often studied in liposomal, acetylated, or injectable forms to evaluate improved absorption and stability. These different formats are explored to better understand how glutathione can be delivered effectively in experimental models.
Disclaimer: Glutathione is sold for laboratory research use only.